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Inclusive growth path will benefit SA economy – Finance Minister

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By Mandla Mpangase While fiscal prudence is the name of the game for the Minister of Finance Enoch Godongwana, a key standout – as far as automotive manufacturing industry in general, and the Tshwane Automotive Special Economic Zone (TASEZ) in particular – is the confirmation of rail upgrades between Tshwane and Gqeberha. Minister Godongwana delivered his 2024 Medium-term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS) in the National Assembly on 30 October 2024. His policy statement outlined the country’s strategy to lift the economy to a higher and more inclusive growth path, and rests on four pillars: maintaining macroeconomic stability; implementing structural reforms; supporting growth-enhancing infrastructure; and building state capability. Speaking of the renewed energy that followed the national elections earlier this year, the minister said: “There is a new light that is shining down on our country and on our economy. The recent elections demonstrated the resilience and maturity of our young democracy.”   Three priorities sit at the heart of government policy: Pillar three of the MTBPS is about effective infrastructure investment that will boost economic activity and enable higher growth over the medium term. “In this regard, we are implementing reforms that will create conditions to attract greater private sector participation.” One particular aspect of this is “to increase the pool of funders to diversify public infrastructure financing through new mechanisms and instruments. These include build-operate-transfer (BOT) structures and other concessions”.   Included in this particular programme are capacity upgrades on the rail network from Watloo in the City of Tshwane – near TASEZ and the Ford plant in Silverton – to Gqeberha. This is particularly important given that the South African automotive industry is export-driven, with vehicles needing to be shipped to international markets. “It is important to capacitate the rail infrastructure between the original equipment manufacturers based in the City of Tshwane and our ports, which are crucial to the export of vehicles to our global markets,” TASEZ CEO Dr Bheka Zulu noted. Minister Godongwana added that a request for proposals will be issued this year for funders who are interested in supporting projects such as the Watloo to Gqeberha upgrades. “Collectively, the infrastructure reforms will strengthen planning, appraisal, contracting, financing, and monitoring and evaluation.  “The outcome will be faster delivery of infrastructure that supports economic growth, the expansion of access to basic services and boosting job creation.” According to naamsa, the Automotive Business Council, Gauteng has the highest diversity in the country’s automotive profile, housing three OEMs as well as the majority of first- and second-tier automotive component suppliers in the country. “The economic muscle of the South African automotive industry, with its economic gains far outweighing its fiscal costs, cannot be underplayed.” Vehicle export value topped R203,9-billion in 2023.

SA determined to drive towards new energy vehicles

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By Mandla Mpangase Consideration must be given to providing incentives for manufacturers as well as tax rebates or subsidies for consumers to accelerate the uptake of electric vehicles in South Africa. This statement by President Cyril Ramaphosa in his key note address at the South African Auto Week 2024 was greeted by much applause by the industry role players. Speaking at the high-level event in Cape Town on Thursday 17 October 2024, the president recounted the recent economic diplomacy efforts of government globally, including in New York, London and Beijing. “Our experience confirms a greater interest in South Africa’s prospects.” South Africa’s auto industry makes a significant contribution to the country’s gross domestic product, which currently sits at 5.3%, a fifth of the value add within local manufacturing comes from vehicle and component production. The auto industry accounts for around 15% of the country’s total exports.  “[The industry] continues to blaze a trail in strategic economic markets on our continent, in North America, in Europe, as well as Indonesia.” It is also a major employer, collectively employing half a million people directly and indirectly across the value chain. Importantly, “the sector continues to actively support transformation”. The transformation targets have been set out in the South African Automotive Master Plan 2035. The plan sets out a number of targets: “The Automotive Industry Transformation Fund has supported a number of beneficiaries. It has facilitated market access for black-owned and female-owned firms to the value of R4-billion and supported thousands of jobs across the industry.” This year is a milestone for the automotive industry, marking 100 years of vehicle manufacturing in South Africa since the first Model T Ford rolled the assembly line of the Ford plant in Port Elizabeth (now Gqeberha). Industry leaders have shown great confidence in South Africa. Today the automotive manufacturing footprint has expanded exponentially, with international auto companies now major investors in the South African economy. “They have consistently featured prominently at the annual South African Investment Conference, which was inaugurated in 2018,” the president said, adding that “over the past few years, these companies have invested an average of some R8-billion rand a year.” Component suppliers have also invested a considerable amount into the South African economy – about R4-billion a year. However, the industry faces many challenges, including the transition towards decarbonisation, with a move to cleaner, more sustainable fuels and stringent regulations. “Even as the journey to net zero poses a challenge for the auto industry there is, at the same time, immense opportunity. The local automotive sector needs to position itself to take advantage for the demand of electric vehicles (EVs), new energy vehicles (NEVs) and sustainable fuels.” President Ramaphosa noted that this was a government priority. “The automotive industry has a critical role to play in achieving South Africa’s climate targets. We’re committed to working with the private sector to promote the production of NEVs and the development of the necessary infrastructure to support them.” This includes the beneficiation of critical minerals for the production of NEVs and their associated value chains, as well as the production of batteries and green hydrogen fuel cells for EVs. “We are working to finalise comprehensive NEV policy guidelines that include alternative technologies such as hybrids and plug in hybrids, so consideration must be given to incentives for manufacturers as well as tax rebates or subsidies for consumers to accelerate the uptake of EVs.” The president noted that this was not just about creating a greener future, but also about ensuring South Africa remains competitive in the global market. “This is a major industrialisation opportunity for our country and the region as well, particularly within the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area. This will position South Africa as a forward-thinking green economy.”

Together, we can grow the auto sector

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By Mandla Mpangase From attracting foreign direct investments, to supporting auto component producers, to providing skills for the future, to opening up opportunities for local communities, the Tshwane Automotive Special Economic Zone (TASEZ) has an several key roles to play in the transformation of the automotive manufacturing sector.  TASEZ CEO, Dr Bheka Zulu, described just some to the work TASEZ does during a panel discussion on the opening day of South Africa Auto Week 2024 in Cape Town. TASEZ is a key partner of this annual gathering of the industry. A hot topic at the high-powered event, taking place from 15 – 18 October 2024, is that of training skilled workers for an evolving sector, as the production of new energy vehicles (NEVs) is no longer on the horizon, they are already here. “South Africa’s workforce must keep pace,” Dr Zulu said. The rise of EVs, autonomous driving technologies, and smart manufacturing requires an entirely new set of skills. This is where the TASEZ Training Academy comes into play. With the manufacturing sector in constant change as the Fourth Industrial Revolution takes hold, TASEZ, through its’ training academy, is making sure that workers are equipped for this future. “This initiative is critical in ensuring that the country not only retains its competitive edge in automotive manufacturing but also contributes to the development of a highly skilled, future-ready workforce.” “But,” Dr Zulu told the panel, “our academy goes much further; it also offers training to emerging businesses and small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in both business management as well as the soft skills of marketing their products.” The CEO pointed out the importance of supporting SMMEs and the local communities bordering the SEZ. Currently SMMEs are estimated to contribute 40% towards South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The National Development Plan highlights the importance of SMMEs to the economy. It envisages that 90% of all jobs will be generated by small enterprises in 2030. “As South Africa charts a course toward a more competitive, inclusive, and sustainable automotive industry, we must all go all out to make grow and transform our sector,” Dr Zulu added.

Clean audit for TASEZ makes it four in a row

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Not only is the Tshwane Automotive Special Economic Zone (TASEZ) an innovative driver of economic development through supporting the manufacturing sector, it is also a shining example of good governance. Africa’s first automotive city has received its fourth clean audit from the Auditor-General, cementing TASEZ’s reputation as the premier special economic zone (SEZ) for automotive investments in South Africa. “This can be attributed to the effectiveness of the board’s strategic guidance and the SEZ’s commitment to rigorous corporate governance,” says TASEZ CEO Dr Bheka Zulu. This, as TASEZ heads into its Phase 2 development, broadening its offering to diverse investors in the automotive manufacturing space. The clean audit is important as it provides investors with comfort of knowing that the SEZ is committed to sensible, judicious and transparent fiscal management, Dr Zulu adds. “It assures our investors, both international and local, that their investments are managed with integrity and diligence.” As one of the key implementors of South Africa’s industrial development policies, TASEZ plays a critical role in the SEZ ecosystem. TASEZ’s mandate is to accelerate economic reform through attracting investment, creating jobs, and opening up opportunities for small, medium and micro enterprises, particularly for the communities of the nearby townships of Mamelodi, Eersterust and Nellmapius.

TASEZ Training Academy lauds new graduates

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With the manufacturing sector in constant change as the Fourth Industrial Revolution takes hold, the Tshwane Automotive Special Economic Zone, through its’ training academy, is making sure that workers are equipped for this future. The TASEZ Training Academy celebrated the graduation of 163 learners, presenting them with certificates of achievement on Thursday, 15 August 2024. With the graduates demonstrating exceptional dedication and skill in their training, the event was seen as an opportunity to recognise the learners’ hard work and commitment. The celebration showed the special economic zone’s commitment to providing much-needed skills development in a rapidly changing automotive industry. “Now is the time to lead a skills revolution in this country,” says chairperson, Lionel October TASEZ, adding that the TASEZ’s academy was set up to close the skills and technology gap. “As articulated in the South African Automotive Master Plan, the industry needs to be expanded, becoming more inclusive,” says CEO, Dr Bheka Zulu, adding that “a skilled, agile and adaptable workforce is essential to achieve this.” TASEZ, Africa’s first automotive city, is ideally placed to make an impact on inclusive jobs creation and upskilling. “TASEZ is delivering on its vision to be the benchmark for special economic zones in South Africa while contributing to the growth of the automotive sector,” says Dr Zulu. As the automotive industry is gearing up for production of new energy vehicles and for exports to markets that have set targets to reach a carbon neutral environment, South African manufacturers will need to move swiftly to embrace Fourth Industrial Revolution skills. It is against this backdrop that the Automotive Master Plan has set a number of ambitious targets to be met by 2035, including: The automotive industry is one of South Africa’s most important economic sectors, contributing 4.3% to the country’s gross domestic product. The industry is also the country’s fifth largest export sector accounting 18.1% of total exports. However, the sector – as the country – faces the intense challenge of unemployment alongside an unskilled labour force. Figures are disheartening, with Q2 numbers indicating the highest unemployment rate since 2022. Currently South Africa’s official unemployment rate stands at 33.5.9% for the second quarter of 2024, up from 32.9% for the first quarter of 2024, according to StatsSA. The expanded unemployment rate, which includes those who are no longer actively looking for employment, increased to 42.6%, up from the first quarter figure of 41.9%. These numbers represent the 8.4 million people who are now unemployed, with more than 76% of those having been without a job for more than a year. A focus on skills development and training has never been so important, notes Dr Zulu. “Skills development has the potential to turn the tide against unemployment,” he adds.

TASEZ’s academy celebrates skills development

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The TASEZ Training Academy is gearing up for a day of celebration, with the handing over of certificates to their newest group of graduates on Thursday, 15 August 2024. The training team is hosting the event as part of its on-going commitment to much-needed skills development in a rapidly changing automotive industry. With the 163 graduates demonstrating exceptional dedication and skill in their training, the event is an opportunity to recognising their hard work and commitment.

TASEZ supports African conference on optimising economic growth regionally

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The start of Women’s Month saw some 150 women leaders from across Africa gather in Cape Town to discuss critical issues related to the blue economy, from boosting regional cooperation for sustainable development to building and diversifying the maritime industries across the continent, from training and education to legal rights at sea. The delegates, representing leadership and management in different sectors of the blue economy, were taking part in the 7th WISTA Africa Conference, held at the University of Cape Town’s School of Business Conference Centre from 31 July to 2 August 2024. With the world becoming ever smaller and more interconnected due to technological advances, the theme of the conference was fittingly entitled “Turning the tide: Towards effective regional co-operation to optimise economic growth” – placing an emphasis on several of the United Nations’ Development Goals, including Goals 1, 2 and 14, which refer to the eradication of poverty; working towards a world with zero hunger; and conserving our oceans, ensuring they are sustainably utilised. Set up 50 years ago, in 1974, WISTA – Women’s International Shipping & Trading Association – is a global networking association for women in leadership and management roles in the maritime industry, with the vision of promoting diversity in the maritime, trading and logistics sectors, empowering women to lead through their unique perspective and competencies, with the conviction that gender diversity is key in providing a sustainable future for the shipping industry internationally. It currently has more than 4 000 members representing maritime authorities, port authorities, shippers, agents, business owners, maritime lawyers, maritime media, government authorities and other leaders in the sector in 56 countries and holds consultative status with the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and has observer status at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The Cape Town conference, hosted by WISTA South Africa, saw representatives of various WISTA associations from across Africa, alongside industry players and other key participants, meet to discuss strategies to promote diversity, equality. Panel discussions covered: TASEZ looks to regional cooperation As a key sponsor of the conference, the Tshwane Automotive Special Economic Zone (TASEZ) was particularly interested in the panel on regional cooperation, where CFO Rebecca Hlabatau was one of the panellists. As a representative of one of South Africa’s special economic zones, the sustainability and success of our ports’ infrastructure and operations are particularly important; with the bulk of manufactured goods produced in South Africa being exported on ocean-going vessels. SEZs can serve as hubs for regional trade, facilitating the flow of goods and services across borders. And by harmonising policies and regulations within the SEZs, African nations can create a more cohesive economic bloc, enhancing competitiveness in the global market. Of particular interest to transforming and building South Africa’s economy is ease of doing business, particularly in exports, Hlabatau told the gathering. In the case of TASEZ, this includes exporting cars, trucks and automotive components manufactured locally. According to figures from naamsa published in May 2024, the automotive industry outperformed the rest of the manufacturing sector in 2023 due to “record high vehicle exports”. Naamsa noted that “the export value of vehicles and automotive components increased by R43.5-billion, or 19,1%, from the R227.3-billion in 2022 to a record R270.8-billion in 2023, comprising 14,7% of total South African exports” – linking to South Africa and the region’s blue economy. “Key to South Africa’s growth is the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA),” Hlabatau added. The AfCFTA aims to fast-track intra-African trade and has the potential to grow our economies as well as improve the lives of people across the continent by opening up markets to Africa’s more than 1.3 billion people. It has the potential to lead to diversification of exports, acceleration of growth and an increase in investment as well as employment opportunities for South Africans and the rest of the continent, she noted. By eliminating barriers to trade in Africa, the objective of the AfCFTA is to boost intra-Africa trade, particularly trade in value-added production and trade across all services sectors of Africa’s economy. Exports to AfCFTA countries already account for nearly a quarter of South Africa’s global exports.

TASEZ CEO draws from the past to build a future of self-respect and dignity

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On this Mandela Day Dr Bheka Zulu, the CEO of the Tshwane Automotive Special Economic Zone (TASEZ), reflects on the legacy left by Tata Nelson Mandela in building a South Africa that truly reaches its full potential. Today, 18 July, we make time to reflect on the profound impact Nelson Mandela had on our country, and indeed, the world. His wise words flowed in many directions, sharing his experiences, teaching his philosophies, and touching wide and diverse topics. But none of these words were more important that those regarding the youth of this country. Speaking at a rededication of a school in the Eastern Cape in 1995, Madiba said: “Our children are the rock on which our future will be built, our greatest asset as a nation. They will be the leaders of our country, the creators of our national wealth, those who care for and protect our people. “But if they are to take on this great responsibility, the rich potential in every child must be developed into the skills and the knowledge that our society needs. Education is the key to that process. It is also a door which opens from every village and city onto our larger society and indeed onto the whole world.” It is heartbreaking to look at the challenges facing the youth right now; with low economic growth, high unemployment, and lingering poverty and inequality. That South Africa’s economy has been constrained is nothing new, with the Reserve Bank’s growth expectations for 2024 and 2025 sitting at 1.2% and 1.3% respectively. These rates are not nearly enough to help the country grow jobs and create business opportunities for small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). The statistics are harsh, with young South Africans bearing the brunt of these issues. Unemployment among the youth – people between the ages of 15 and 34 – totalled 4.9 million in the first quarter of 2023, according to figures released by Statistics South Africa in May. The youth unemployment rate sits at 46,5%. According to Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) “South Africa, like many countries globally, grapples with the challenge of youth unemployment. This is supported by statistics indicating a 45,5% unemployment rate among young individuals (aged 15-34 years), in contrast to the national average of 32,9% in the first quarter of 2024.” The automotive industry plays a strategic role in growing South Africa’s economy. In 2021 it contributed 4.3% to South Africa’s GDP, with the export of vehicles and automotive components reaching a record R207.5 billion – equating to 12.5% of South Africa’s total exports. Becoming globally competitive and transformed But much more is expected from the sector. The South African Automotive Masterplan’s (SAAM’s) vision is to create “a globally competitive and transformed industry that actively contributes to the sustainable development of South Africa’s productive economy, creating prosperity for industry stakeholders and broader society”. Targets set include: It is against this background that TASEZ needs to stand up and play its part in growing the automotive industry alongside helping young South Africans develop the skills and experience they need to gain work in the ever-evolving sector. To quote Mandela, from a President’s Budget Debate in Parliament in 1996: “Jobs, jobs and jobs are the dividing line in many families between a decent life and a wretched existence. They are, to many, the difference between self-esteem and helplessness.” Beyond job creation, the establishment of SMMEs across the country is critical; driving growth, providing employment opportunities, and opening new markets. South Africa sets a great store on the SMME sector as a driver of economic development and growth. In the National Development Plan 2030, SMMEs are identified as having the potential to contribute between 60% to 80% to the country’s gross domestic product growth and employ 90% of the workforce. The NPD, which has set a target of 24 million people in employment by 2030. Of that, 21.6 million people would be in SMMEs. Youth development is a key component of TASEZ’s business case, with our SEZ helping boost the economies of our neighbouring communities of Eersterust, Mamelodi and Nelmapius, providing job opportunities and training programmes for young South Africans and emerging SMMEs. TASEZ’s Phase 1 development saw 3 244 permanent jobs in the automotive manufacturing sector created, with a further 5 071 jobs in construction. SMME procurement spend totalled R1.7-billion. As the SEZ continues to grow, more job will arise, along with SMME procurement opportunities. In addition, TASEZ is planning to create an automotive incubation programme and focus on skills development in support of Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers along with expanding the hub and creating 3 000 new jobs. What we need to be aware of is that these are not merely numbers and statistics to us – each job created or project supported represents real families and community members living secure lives with dignity and self-respect. Picking up the baton from Madiba, we know that we have to be daringly ambitious and resolutely committed to contributing our South Africa’s growth, expanding beyond our borders to impacting regional and African development.

MEC tours TASEZ, sees firsthand how SEZs can help accelerate reindustrialisation

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Special economic zones (SEZs) are ideally placed to help accelerate the country’s much-needed industrialisation, securing foreign direct investment that can be used to create jobs, develop infrastructure and boost local economies. Africa’s first automotive city, the Tshwane Automotive Special Economic Zone, is one of these key drivers. SEZs are viewed as key instruments to making South Africa an attractive option for foreign direct investments. SEZs are important instruments in advancing the country’s strategic objectives of industrialisation, regional development, the promotion of exports and job creation. Tuesday, 16 July 2024 saw the Gauteng MEC for economic development and treasury, Lebogang Maile, visit three of the 12 factories currently based in the SEZ – Ford Frame, Feltex, and Sodecia – to see for himself what the zone provides. TASEZ was established through a committed investment and against a very tight deadline – and during Covid 19 – setting the bar for the development of new SEZs in South Africa. From its beginnings in the dusty veld on the outskirts of Silverton in 2020, to seeing the first cars come off the production line in November 2022, TASEZ has shown just what can be achieved with a solid investor and strong leadership from all three tiers of government. Looking to expand, Ford Motor Company of Southern Africa committed to a R16-billion investment to produce an extra 40 000 vehicles a year, moving from 160 000 units to 200 000 units annually. Supporting Ford’s investment was the political will to drive the project and ensure its success. All three tiers of government become equal shareholders, each with clearly defined roles. The factories based in the SEZ all produce components for Ford, with a focus on just-in-time and just-in-sequence systems. The first phase of TASEZ’s development saw the creation of 3 244 permanent jobs within the zone, with more than 65% from the surrounding communities: 32% going to women and 65.4% by the youth. In addition, more than 5 071 construction jobs were created. “This is in line with the department’s objective of strengthening access into the economy for marginal communities,” Maile noted. “This brings the total of direct jobs created through SEZ to over 8 000 direct jobs resulting in more than 18 396 indirect jobs.” TASEZ CEO Dr Bheka Zulu said: “We are aware of the important role SEZs play in helping to accelerate reindustrialisation of our economic hubs.” He added: “TASEZ is well-placed to help create jobs, support our local communities and boost their economies, and share knowledge and skills.” TASEZ’s Phase 1 also saw 256 opportunities ring-fenced for small, medium and micro enterprises, totalling R1.7-billion in procurement spend. The SEZ is now focusing on its Phase 2 development, and embracing the challenges the South African automotive manufacturing sector faces, in growing the sector, creating jobs, providing access to skills development, ensuring materials and jobs are localised, and including the requirements need for the era of new energy vehicles (NEVs). Over the next two years, Ford will be investing an additional R5.2-billion for the production of the first-ever Ranger plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV).

‘Vision with action can change the world’

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It is fitting, in a month where the world remembers former president Nelson Mandela, that the Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition, Parks Tau, opened his budget vote address with a quote from Madiba: “Action without vision is only passing time. Vision without action is merely day-dreaming. But vision with action can change the world.” These words reverberate within the Tshwane Automotive Special Economic Zone’s core, sitting at the heart of the special economic zone’s (SEZ) ethos. Speaking in Parliament on 16 July 2024, Minister Tau noted that the words also echo the country’s aspirations to build a dynamic, industrial and globally competitive South Africa that is transformed, inclusive and equitable. This is “anchored on industrialisation, transformation, job creation and building a capable and developmental state”. The minister emphasised the importance of manufacturing-led growth. “Manufacturing creates jobs in upstream and downstream sectors,” Tau explained, adding that these jobs were typically permanent and paid decent wages, with workers able to access to skills development and career path opportunities. Instruments such as the South African Automotive Masterplan are crucial; with their focus on supporting localisation, increasing investment, and creating and retaining jobs. “We have industrial capabilities as a country,” he added. The Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (the dtic) would, in identified industries, work closely with relevant state-owned entities and industry to support local manufacturing of key products and to create jobs. Growing the export markets Of importance to TASEZ, is the fact that the minister identified the need to expand and improve exports. South Africa’s automotive sector already exports the bulk of the vehicles manufactured here. In May 2024, naamsa noted that “record high vehicle exports ensured that the automotive industry outperformed the rest of the manufacturing sector” last year.  “The export value of vehicles and automotive components increased by R43.5-billion, or 19,1%, from the R227.3-billion in 2022 to a record R270.8-billion in 2023, comprising 14,7% of total South African exports.” Naamsa noted the export performance included “record exports to all major regions, including the European Union, Africa, the Southern African Development Community, and North America”. Minister Tau pointed out that South Africa’s location at the tip of “the second-fastest growing region in the world”. To reduce a dependence on a small domestic market, “the dtic will implement new export measures, coupled with expanding the current measures and improving their effectiveness” and will work towards expanding its export footprint through BRICS+ (Brazil, Russia, India, China,Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia and the United Arab Emirates), the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) partnership with the United States, and the Economic Partnership Agreement with the EU. Turning to SEZs, the minister reminded parliament that the reason the country had set up SEZs was “to expand economic activity to under-developed parts of South Africa. There are many benefits to this including, creating jobs closer to where our people live and thereby reducing the cost burden poor people carry.” There was no logical or economic rationale for forcing people to live far from their families in increasingly crowded living spaces. “Spatial equity is therefore, a non-negotiable.” Referring to the 11 SEZs established so far, the minister noted: “These SEZs have generated investments amounting to R19.6-billion. In addition, these SEZs provide an on-going revenue stream to national government through ongoing corporate, PAYE and VAT payments. These contributions to tax revenue across over 100 firms located in SEZs far outweigh the initial establishment costs.” Like TASEZ, which is located between Eerstrust, Mamelod and Nelmapius, South Africa’s industrial parks are often located in or adjacent to townships. And these industrial parks provide jobs and incomes to people from the neighbouring townships. “We, therefore, encourage private-sector participation in the industrial parks, in order to assist to improve operations and facilities, and encourage private sector investment.”